# Further information

<p class="callout info">For more information, consult the following articles on the [RSPCA Knowledgebase](https://kb.rspca.org.au/):</p>

- [RSPCA Australia purpose, vision, values, principles and objectives](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/rspca-australia-purpose-vision-values-principles-and-objectives/)
- [RSPCA Australia animals charter](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/rspca-australia-animals-charter/)
- [What is good animal welfare?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-good-animal-welfare/)
- [Are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander hunters exempt from animal cruelty laws?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/are-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-hunters-exempt-from-animal-cruelty-laws/)
- [What is animal sentience and why is it important?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-animal-sentience-and-why-is-it-important/)
- [At what stage of development do animals become sentient?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/at-what-stage-of-development-do-animals-become-sentient/)
- [Position Paper GP1 - Animal Welfare Legislation](https://kb.rspca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/PP-GP1-Animal-Welfare-Legislation-2024.pdf)
- [What are the welfare issues with animals used in research?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-welfare-issues-with-animals-used-in-research/)
- [How is animal research regulated in Australia?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-is-animal-research-regulated-in-australia/)
- [What is the Animal Research Openness Agreement and why is it important?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-the-animal-research-openness-agreement-and-why-is-it-important/)
- [How many animals are used in research in Australia?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-many-animals-are-used-in-research-in-australia/)
- [What are the 3Rs in animal research?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-3rs-in-animal-research/)
- [What is the RSPCA’s view of the use of animals in research?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-the-rspcas-view-of-the-use-of-animals-in-research/)
- [Why are animals used in research?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/why-are-animals-used-in-research/)
- [How can I avoid animal testing in the products I purchase?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-can-i-avoid-animal-testing-in-the-products-i-purchase/)
- [What happens to bobby calves?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-happens-to-bobby-calves/)
- [Why are calves separated from their mother in the dairy industry?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/why-are-calves-separated-from-their-mother-in-the-dairy-industry/)
- [How do young calves cope with transport?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-do-young-calves-cope-with-transport/)
- [Position Paper B1 - Welfare of bobby calves destined for slaughter](https://kb.rspca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/PP-B1-Welfare-of-bobby-calves-destined-for-slaughter.pdf)
- [Do octopi and lobsters feel pain?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/do-octopi-and-lobsters-feel-pain/)
- [Are squid and octopi protected by animal welfare legislation? ](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/are-squid-and-octopi-protected-by-animal-welfare-legislation/)
- [Are crustaceans protected by animal welfare legislation?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/are-crustaceans-protected-by-animal-welfare-legislation/)
- [What is the most humane way to kill crustaceans for human consumption?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-the-most-humane-way-to-kill-crustaceans-for-human-consumption/)
- [What can be done to improve the welfare of fish and shellfish in restaurant aquaria?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-can-be-done-to-improve-the-welfare-of-fish-and-shellfish-in-restaurant-aquaria/)
- [Can enclosed yabby traps harm animals and are they legal to use?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/can-enclosed-yabby-traps-harm-animals-and-are-they-legal-to-use/)
- [Is intensive aquaculture similar to intensive land-based livestock production? ](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/is-intensive-aquaculture-similar-to-intensive-land-based-livestock-production/)
- [Do fish feel pain?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/do-fish-feel-pain/)
- [How can habitat loss affect animal welfare?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-can-habitat-loss-affect-animal-welfare/)
- [What is humane vertebrate pest control?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-humane-vertebrate-pest-control/)
- [How can you measure the humaneness of a pest animal control method?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-can-you-measure-the-humaneness-of-a-pest-animal-control-method/)
- [How can pest animal control programs be made more humane?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-can-pest-animal-control-programs-be-made-more-humane/)
- [A national approach towards humane vertebrate pest control](https://kb.rspca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Humane-Vertebrate-Pest-Control-RSPCA-Discussion-Paper-Dec-2004.pdf)
- [Is there a need to kill kangaroos or wallabies?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/is-there-a-need-to-kill-kangaroos-or-wallabies/)
- [What is the RSPCA’s view on killing sharks to reduce shark incidents?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-the-rspcas-view-on-killing-sharks-to-reduce-shark-incidents/)
- [How would a national identification registry help improve horse welfare?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-would-a-national-identification-registry-help-improve-horse-welfare/)
- [What are the animal welfare issues with Thoroughbred horse racing?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-animal-welfare-issues-with-thoroughbred-horse-racing/)
- [What are the animal welfare issues associated with horse jumps racing?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-animal-welfare-issues-associated-with-horse-jumps-racing/)
- [What are the animal welfare issues with greyhound racing?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-animal-welfare-issues-with-greyhound-racing/)
- [Why does the RSPCA oppose the export of racing greyhounds?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/why-does-the-rspca-oppose-the-export-of-racing-greyhounds/)
- [What do I need to consider before adopting an ex-racing greyhound?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-do-i-need-to-consider-before-adopting-an-ex-racing-greyhound/)
- [Information Paper - National Horse Identification and Traceability](https://kb.rspca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-10-26-Information-Paper-National-Horse-Traceability-Scheme.pdf)
- [The most important participant. A framework for Thoroughbred Welfare](https://kb.rspca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/TWI-The-Most-Important-Participant-a-Framework-for-Thoroughbred-Welfare-2021.pdf)
- [Epidemiology of horses leaving the racing and breeding industries](https://kb.rspca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Thoroughbred-and-Standardbred-wastage-Hayek-%E2%80%93-Research-Report-Oct-2004.pdf)
- [What is Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-brachycephalic-obstructive-airway-syndrome-boas/)
- [What do I need to know about Brachycephalic dogs?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-do-i-need-to-know-about-brachycephalic-dogs/)
- [What are the welfare issues associated with narrowed nostrils in dogs (stenotic nares)?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-welfare-issues-associated-with-narrowed-nostrils-in-dogs-stenotic-nares/)
- [What is Brachycephalic Ocular Syndrome?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-brachycephalic-ocular-syndrome/)
- [What are the welfare risks associated with difficulty giving birth in brachycephalic dogs?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-welfare-risks-associated-with-difficulty-giving-birth-in-brachycephalic-dogs/)
- [How can owners of dogs with exaggerated physical features help their pets?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-can-owners-of-dogs-with-exaggerated-physical-features-help-their-pets/)
- [What can breeders do to avoid exaggerated physical features that compromise dog welfare?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-can-breeders-do-to-avoid-exaggerated-physical-features-that-compromise-dog-welfare/)
- [Position Paper A5 - Responsible companion animal breeding](https://kb.rspca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/PP-A5-Responsible-Companion-Animal-Breeding-2024.pdf)
- [GP - General Policies](https://kb.rspca.org.au/article-categories/policies-general/)
- [A - Companion Animals](https://kb.rspca.org.au/article-categories/policies-companion-animals/)
- [B - Farm Animals](https://kb.rspca.org.au/article-categories/policies-farm-animals/)
- [C - Animals in Sport, Entertainment, Performance, Recreation and Work](https://kb.rspca.org.au/article-categories/policies-animals-in-sport-entertainment-performance-recreation-and-work/)
- [D - Animals in Research and Teaching](https://kb.rspca.org.au/article-categories/policies-animals-in-research-and-teaching/)
- [E - Wild Animals](https://kb.rspca.org.au/article-categories/policies-wild-animals/)

##### Further reading

- Fraser D (2012). [A “practical” ethic for animals.](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10806-011-9353-z) J Agric &amp; Environ Ethics 25:721–746 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-011-9353-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-011-9353-z)
- Fraser D (2008). [Understanding animal welfare.](https://actavetscand.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1751-0147-50-S1-S1) Acta Vet Scand 50(S1) [https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-50-S1-S1](https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-50-S1-S1)
- Dean T (2022) [Can you be too moral?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gr7XWBmXWT0) TEDxSydney
- Dean T (2014) [Evolution and moral ecology.](https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/entities/publication/e07240ec-9dc0-43e4-a3e6-777af55c4097) PhD thesis, UNSW [https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/17194](https://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/17194)
- Bennett B, Archer-Lean C (2023) [Understanding camp dogs: the relationship between Aboriginal culture and western welfare.](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/11771801231167671) AlterNative: Int J Indig Peoples 19(2):293-302 [https://doi.org/10.1177/11771801231167671](https://doi.org/10.1177/11771801231167671)
- Kotzmann J (2023) [Sentience and intrinsic worth as a pluralist foundation for fundamental animal rights.](https://academic.oup.com/ojls/article/43/2/405/7046153) Oxford J Legal Stud 43(2):405–428 https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqad003
- Kotzmann J (2020) [Recognising the sentience of animals in law: A justification and framework for Australian states and territories.](https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.537561239425522) Syd Law Rev 42(3):281-310. [https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.537561239425522](https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.537561239425522)
- Lund TB, Kondrup SV, Sandøe P (2019) [A multidimensional measure of animal ethics orientation – Developed and applied to a representative sample of the Danish public.](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0211656) PLoS ONE 14(2):e0211656 [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211656](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211656)
- Lund TB, Denver S, Nordström J, Christensen T, Sandøe P (2021) [Moral convictions and meat consumption—A comparative study of the animal ethics orientations of consumers of pork in Denmark, Germany, and Sweden.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/329) Animals 11(2):329 [https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020329](https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020329)
- Hansen LA, Kosberg KA (2019) [Ethics, efficacy, and decision-making in animal research. Chapter 11 in Hermann K and Jayne K (eds) Animal experimentation: Working towards a paradigm change.](https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/38145/9789004391192_webready_content_text.%20pdf?sequence=1#page=314) Brill, Leiden and Boston
- Hansen LA (2013) [Institution animal care and use committees need greater ethical diversity.](https://jme.bmj.com/content/39/3/188) J Med Ethics 39:188-190 [https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-100982](https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-100982)
- Bolton SE, von Keyserlingk MAG (2021) [The dispensable surplus dairy calf: Is this issue a “Wicked problem” and where do we go from here.](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.660934/full) Front Vet Sci 8:660934 [https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.660934](https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.660934)
- Bolton SE, Vandresen B, von Keyserlingk MAG (2024) [The advice? Think bigger: Community perspectives on dairy farming, including surplus calves an Australian focus group study.](https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(24)01264-5/fulltext) J Dairy Sci 108(2):1855-1868 [https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25424](https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25424)
- Birch J, Burn C, Schnell A, Browning H, Crump A (2021) [Review of the Evidence of Sentience in Cephalopod Molluscs and Decapod Crustaceans.](https://www.lse.ac.uk/business/consulting/reports/review-of-the-evidence-of-sentiences-in-cephalopod-molluscs-and-decapod-crustaceans) The London School of Economics and Political Science.
- Wahltinez SJ, Stacy NI, Hadfield CA, Harms CA, Lewbart GA, Newton AL, Nunamaker EA (2022) [Perspective: Opportunities for advancing aquatic invertebrate welfare.](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.973376/full) Front Vet Sci 9:973376 [https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.973376](https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.973376)
- Coghlan S, Cardilini A (2024) [The use and abuse of moral theories in conservation debate about killing animals.](https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.14280) Conservat Biol 38:e14280 [https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14280](https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14280)
- Kopnina H, Coghlan S (2022) [Invasion biology and its discontents: Human supremacy, language, and animal treatment.](https://ojs.unito.it/index.php/visions/article/view/6512) Visions Sustainab 18 [https://doi.org/10.13135/2384-8677/6512](https://doi.org/10.13135/2384-8677/6512)
- McManus P (2022) [Animal-based entertainment industries, animal death and Social Licence to Operate: an analysis of ‘The final race’ and the 2019 Melbourne cup.](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14649365.2022.2053194) Social &amp; Cultur Geograph 24(7):1242-1261 [https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2022.2053194](https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2022.2053194)
- Stallones L, McManus P, McGreevy P (2023) [Sustainability and the thoroughbred breeding and racing industries: An enhanced one welfare perspective.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/490) Animals 13(3):490 [https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030490](https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030490)
- Packer RMA, Wade A, Neufuss J (2024) [Nothing could put me off: Assessing the prevalence and risk factors for perceptual barriers to improving the welfare of brachycephalic dogs.](https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9372/1/3/32) Pets 1(3):458-484 [https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1030032](https://doi.org/10.3390/pets1030032)
- Packer RMA, O’Neill DG, Fletcher F, Farnworth MJ (2019) [Great expectations, inconvenient truths, and the paradoxes of the dog-owner relationship for owners of brachycephalic dogs.](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0219918) PLoS ONE 14(7):e0219918 [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219918](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219918)

##### Links to other resources

- [Animalethics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen](https://animalethics.ku.dk)
- [Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities](https://www.amrric.org)
- [Love is Blind](https://www.loveisblind.org.au)

##### RSPCA Animal Welfare Course

- [Animal Welfare - An Introduction (Online Course)](https://awc.rspca.org.au?utm_source=resourcehub&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=aws2025)

##### Science Update

- [More information about the RSPCA Australia Science Update newsletter](https://www.rspca.org.au/learn/animal-welfare-science-update/)
- [Sign up for the RSPCA Australia Science Update, eNews, and more](https://www.rspca.org.au/signup/)