For more information on horse welfare, consult the following articles on the [RSPCA Knowledgebase](https://kb.rspca.org.au/):
- [National Horse Identification and Traceability – Information Paper (Aug 2022)](https://kb.rspca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-10-26-Information-Paper-National-Horse-Traceability-Scheme.pdf) - [How would a national identification registry help improve horse welfare?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-would-a-national-identification-registry-help-improve-horse-welfare/) - [What is the RSPCA’s view on the use of tongue ties in horse racing?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-the-rspcas-view-on-the-use-of-tongue-ties-in-horse-racing/) - [What are the animal welfare issues with Thoroughbred horse racing?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-animal-welfare-issues-with-thoroughbred-horse-racing/) - [Should I stable my horse?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/should-i-stable-my-horse/) - [Do I need to rug my horse?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/do-i-need-to-rug-my-horse/) - [What are the welfare concerns associated with the use of bits and tie-downs in riding horses?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-welfare-concerns-associated-with-the-use-of-bits-and-tie-downs-in-riding-horses/) - [What is a restrictive noseband and how does it harm horses?](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-is-a-restrictive-noseband-and-how-does-it-harm-horses/) - [RSPCA Policy C04 Animals in Competitive Events](https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/rspca-policy-c04-animals-in-competitive-events/) ##### Further reading - Bergmann IM (2020). [Naturalness and the Legitimacy of Thoroughbred Racing: A Photo-Elicitation Study with Industry and Animal Advocacy Informants.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1513) Animals 10(9):1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091513 - Campbell MLH (2021). [An Ethical Framework for the Use of Horses in Competitive Sport: Theory and Function.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1725) Animals 11(6):1725. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061725](https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061725) - Dyson S (2022). [The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram](https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eve.13468). Equine Vet Educ, 34: 372-380. [https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13468](https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13468) - Fenner K (2016). [The Effect of Noseband Tightening on Horses’ Behavior, Eye Temperature, and Cardiac Responses.](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154179) PLoS ONE 11(5): e0154179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154179 - Furtado T (2021). [How Happy Are Equine Athletes? Stakeholder Perceptions of Equine Welfare Issues Associated with Equestrian Sport.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3228) Animals 11(11):3228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113228 - Harvey AM (2022). [Review of the Foundational Knowledge Required for Assessing Horse Welfare.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3385) Animals 12(23):3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233385 - Holmes TQ (2022). [Champing at the Bit for Improvements: A Review of Equine Welfare in Equestrian Sports in the United Kingdom.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/9/1186) Animals 12(9):1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12091186 - Luke K (2022). [A new approach to horse welfare based on systems thinking.](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal-welfare/article/new-approach-to-horse-welfare-based-on-systems-thinking/6BB9009A57538884B215F627C559E4C4) Animal Welfare 31(1):37-49. doi:10.7120/09627286.31.1.004 - Luke K (2022). [New insights into ridden horse behaviour, horse welfare and horse-related safety.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168159121003269) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 246, 105539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105539 - Mactaggart AG (2023). [Validating a Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare Index through Horse Behaviour and Trainers’ Reports of Welfare Issues in Their Horses.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/2/282) Animals 13(2):282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13020282 - McGreevy P (2018). [Using the Five Domains Model to Assess the Adverse Impacts of Husbandry, Veterinary, and Equitation Interventions on Horse Welfare.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/8/3/41) Animals 8(3):41. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8030041](https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8030041) - Mellor DJ (2017). [Equine Welfare during Exercise: An Evaluation of Breathing, Breathlessness and Bridles.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/7/6/41) Animals 7(6):41. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7060041 - Mellor DJ (2020). [The 2020 Five Domains Model: Including Human–Animal Interactions in Assessments of Animal Welfare.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/10/1870) Animals 10(10):1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101870 - Raw Z (2020). [Equid Assessment, Research and Scoping (EARS): The Development and Implementation of a New Equid Welfare Assessment and Monitoring Tool.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/2/297) Animals 10(2):297. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020297 - Rogers S (2022). [Perceptions of Fear and Anxiety in Horses as Reported in Interviews with Equine Behaviourists.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/21/2904) Animals 12(21):2904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212904 - Stallones L (2023). [Sustainability and the Thoroughbred Breeding and Racing Industries: An Enhanced One Welfare Perspective.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/490) Animals 13(3):490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030490 - Weller D (2021). [The Reported Use of Tongue-Ties and Nosebands in Thoroughbred and Standardbred Horse Racing—A Pilot Study.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/622) Animals 11(3):622. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030622](https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030622) - Wolframm IA (2023). [Changing Hearts and Minds in the Equestrian World One Behaviour at a Time.](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/4/748) Animals 13(4):748. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040748 - Horse SA (2018). [The Five Domains Model](https://hub.rspca.org.au/attachments/42) (PDF 374KB) ##### Links to other resources - [Animal Welfare Indicators Repository - Brooke](https://animalwelfareindicators.thebrooke.org/) - [Equitation Science International](https://esi-education.com/) - [Fédération Équestre Internationale](https://inside.fei.org/node/3281) ##### Science Update - [More information about the RSPCA Australia Science Update newsletter](https://www.rspca.org.au/learn/animal-welfare-science-update/) - [Sign up for the RSPCA Australia Science Update, eNews, and more](https://www.rspca.org.au/signup/)